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===Christian missions to Mongol China from 1289=== {{main|Medieval Roman Catholic Missions in China}} This period saw the start of major Christian missions to Mongol China, which would last until the fall of Mongol power and the establishment of the [[Ming Dynasty]] a century later. In [[1289]], Pope Nicholas IV sent the Franciscan [[John of Monte Corvino]] to [[China]] by way of [[India]], thereby bypassing [[Karakorum]].<ref>Foltz, p.130</ref> Although the great Khan [[Kubilai Khan|Kubilai]] had already died by the time John arrived ([[1294]]), the court at [[Khanbaliq]] received him graciously and encouraged him to settle there. John was China’s first [[Roman Catholic]] [[missionary]], and he was significantly successful. He laboured largely in the [[Mongolian language|Mongol tongue]], translated the [[New testament]] and [[Psalms]], built a central church, and within a few years (by [[1305]]) could report six thousand baptized converts. He also established a lay training school of 150 students. Other priests joined him and centers were established in the coastal provinces of [[Kiangsu]] ([[Yangchow]]), [[Chekiang]] ([[Hangchow]]) and [[Fukien]] ([[Zaitun]]).
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