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'''Lady Godiva''' Leofric was Earl of Mercia. At some point he married a woman named Godgifu ("God's Gift") whose name has come down to us in legend as '''Lady Godiva'''. She is most famously known for her legendary ride while naked through Coventry to protest her husband's high taxes on the populace. That this could have actually occurred is very doubtful. It is not noted by any contemporary chronicler and it would have been quite newsworthy certainly. The story is first recited about 200 years after her probable death. It is aleged that Aelfgar who is known from the ASC entry below to be Leofric's son, was also Godgifu's son. Aelfgar was made Earl of East Anglia in 1051. He is supposed to have had a daughter Ealdgyth (Edith) who is said-to-have married Gruffydd ap Llewellyn who was Ruler of Gwynedd and Powys from 1039 and eventually by 1055 King of all Wales, united under him. That there was an alliance between Aelfgar and Gruffydd is shown by the ASC entries, which however do not specifically mention a marriage. Edith and Gruffydd's daughter Nest is said-to-be that Nest who is known to be the wife of Osbert FitzRichard. She is said to have been born in 1058 and gave birth to at least two children. All of this needs to be confirmed or denied by primary research. ==Primary sources== *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, G.N. Garmonsway (tr,ed). J.M.Dent Ltd, London 1972 (reprint 1992) **pg 159 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1036 [1035] (footnote: E has misplaced the vacant annal for 1036) In this year Cnut passed away at Shaftesbury, and he is buried in the Old Minster, Winchester. Soon after his passing there was a meeting of all the councillors at Oxford, and earl Leofric and almost all the thanes to the north of the Thames, and [Cnut's] household troops in London, elected Harold as regent of all England...." **pg 163 : "The Worcester Chronicle (D) — 1043 In this year Edward was consecrated king at Wincester on the first day of Easter. And in the same year, a fortnight before St Andrew's day, the king was advised to ride from Gloucester, and [with] earl Leofric and earl Godwine and earl Siward and their band came to Winchester...." **pg 174 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1048[1051] ...Earl Siward and earl Leofric and many people with them from the north had come there to the king...." **pg 175 : "The Worcester Chronicle (D) — 1052 "...He sent then for earl Leofric and north for earl Siward and asked for troops from them." **pg 177 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1048 [1051] "And then Odda was appointed earl over Devon, and over Somerset, and over Dorset, and over Cornwall; and Aelfgar, earl Leofric's son, was given the earldom which Harold had had." **pg 184 : "The Abingdon Chronicle (C) — 1055 "A short time after this there was a council in London, and earl Aelfgar, son of earl Leofric, was outlawed without having done anything to deserve his fate. Thereupon he went to Ireland, and added a force of eighteen ships to his own household troops, and sailed to king Gruffydd with that host; and he took him under his protection." **pg 188 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1057 "Earl Leofric passed away, and Aelfgar, his son, succeeded to the earldom which his father had had." ==Secondary sources== *"Living Descendants of Blood Royal", Vol 2, by Count d'Angerville, F.R.S.A. World Nobility and Peerage, London. 1962 pg 500 sub Koehler :<blockquote>"1) Griffith ap Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales, d 5 Aug 1063 (son of Llewellyn the Great, Prince of N Wales and his wife Angharat II, Queen of Powis); m Editha, dau of Elgar d 1059 Earl of Mercia.</blockquote><blockquote>2) Nesta, d 1058; m (1) Trahaern, Prince of N Wales, d 1081; (2) Osbern, son of Richard FitzScrob, a Norman lord." citing DNB 2, 376</blockquote> **We correct "d 1058" to read "b 1058" **DNB is Dictionary of National Biography. The article 2, 376 is "Bernard (fl 1093) of Neufmarche" *[http://content.ancestry.com/Browse/BookView.aspx?dbid=49030&iid=FLHG_AncestralRoots-0189&sid=&gskw=Record+Godiva&cr=1 Ancestral Roots, 7th edition, line 176] stating :<blockquote>2 Gruffydd I ap Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales, king of Gwynedd and Powys, 1039, and of Deheubarth, 1055, slain 5 Aug 1063; m as 1st husb., abt 1057, Edith (or Aldgyth) (176A-4), dau of Aelfgar (176A-3). (ASC 1035, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1057, 1058; CCN 444, 604). She m (2) abt 1064, (Harold II (1B-23), King of England, (CP VI, 451-453, DNB 23: 307; NGSQ 50 (1962): 76-77; Dict of Welsh Biog., cit., p 312)</blockquote> **ASC is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which I've transcribed above **CCN is Century Cyclopedia of Names *[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/britannia/anglo-saxon/flowers/godiva.html "Godiva"] at Encyclopaedia Romana online, among other things they claim the Chronicle ascribed to Florence was actually writen by John of Worcester from 1124 to 1140 *The 1985 EB has this to say<blockquote>fl c 1040-1080, Anglo-Saxon gentlewoman famous for her legendary ride while nude through Coventry, Warwickshire</blockquote><blockquote>Godiva was the wife of Leofric, earl of Mercia, with whom she founded and endowed a monastery at Coventry. The chronicler Florence of Worcester (d. 1118) mentions Leofric and Godiva with respect, but does not refer to the ride. There is no evidence connecting the rider with the historical Godiva.</blockquote><blockquote>The earliest extant source for the story is the 'Chronica' (under the year 1057) of Roger of Wendover (d. 1236). He recounts that her husband, in exasperation over her ceaseless imploring that he reduce Coventry's heavy taxes, declared that he would so if she rode naked through the croweded marketplace. She did so, her hair covering all of her body except her legs. Ranulf Higdon (d.1364) in his 'Polychronicon', says that as a result Leofric freed the town from all tolls save those on horses. An inquiry made in the reign of Edward I shows that at the time no tolls were paid in Coventry except on horses. A later chronicle assets that Godiva required the townsmen to remain indoors at the time fixed for her ride. Peeping Tom, a citizen who looked out his window, apparently became a part of the legend in the 17th century. In most accounts he was struck blind or dead.</blockquote>
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