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This article written by Nikki Levin, MD, PhD
Copied here under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
This article is part of the Nikki Levin Recovery Project
The following topical medicines are effective for ringworm:
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What is ringworm?
Ringworm is a rash that is indeed ring-shaped, but it has nothing to do with worms. It is a common superficial fungal infection that appears as circular scaly patches (Figure 1) on the skin of the trunk, arms, legs, neck, or face. The medical term for ringworm is tinea corporis when it occurs on the body, and tinea faciei when it occurs on the face.
Figure 1. Typical ringworm lesions are red circles with raised scaly borders. Photograph courtesy of Dr. Kenneth E. Greer.
What causes ringworm?
Ringworm is caused by fungi known as dermatophytes, a term derived from the Greek words meaning “skin plants.” Dermatophytes are filamentous fungi that grow on humans, animals, or in the soil. These fungi live on keratin, a protein found in the outermost layer of human skin, as well as in hair and nails, but are not able to grow through the skin or cause internal disease.
The species that usually cause ringworm are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Microsporum canis. Less commonly, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton verrucosum may also cause ringworm.
Ringworm is a contagious disease. Most people acquire ringworm from direct contact with another infected individual, but it can be transmitted through contaminated clothing, linens, towels, shoes, furniture, athletic equipment, or personal care items. It is also possible to catch ringworm from animals such as cats or dogs or from fungus in the soil. The species that usually live on animals, such as T. verrucosum, tend to cause a more inflammatory (redder, more raised, and itchier) form of ringworm when they infect people than the species that usually live on humans.
Wrestlers and others who engage in contact sports may acquire a widespread form of ringworm known as tinea gladiatorum (Figure 2). It is thought that direct skin-to-skin contact results in transmission of fungus from one wrestler to another, but contaminated mats and headgear have also been blamed. A study in the 1980s found that 60% of college wrestlers and 52% of high school wrestlers had ringworm at some point during one season.
People who have a fungal infection on one part of the body, such as athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), may spread the infection to other parts of their body, resulting in ringworm. Likewise, children who have a fungal infection of the hair (tinea capitis) may spread the fungus to their face or body.
Figure 2. Tinea gladiatorum in a young wrestler. Photograph courtesy of Dr. Kenneth E. Greer.
Who gets ringworm?
Ringworm occurs in adults and children of both sexes and all races. This is different from most superficial fungal infections, including athlete’s foot and jock itch, which occur almost exclusively in teenagers and adults.
Risk factors for ringworm include:
- having a superficial fungal infection of the scalp (tinea capitis) or feet (tinea pedis)
- exposure to household members who have superficial fungal infections
- use of shared equipment in locker rooms, gymnasiums, or health clubs
- participation in contact sports such as wrestling
- immunosuppression
- living in a hot, humid climate
The following topical medicines are effective for ringworm:
| Buy Ringworm Treatment Online Now at the Cheapest Prices! |
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